Instituţiile din sistemul mass-media pot fi clasificate după diferite criterii: a) în funcţie de scopul activităţii, există instituţii orientate către obţinerea profitului (comerciale) şi instituţii non-profit (cele de serviciu public); b) din punctul de vedere al poziţiei politice, instituţiile media pot fi neutre sau partizane; c) după tipul de suport pe care şi prin care îşi difuzează mesajele, instituţiile media sunt clasificate în două mari categorii: presa scrisă (media tipărite) şi audiovizualul. Elementul stabil al definirii mass-media îl reprezintă multiplicarea mesajului la scară industrială. Atunci, tot ce rezultă din folosirea tiparului aparţine sistemului mass-media: cartea în toate formele ei, începând cu broşura, afişul, ziarul, magazinul, revista, dar şi pliantul, ilustrata. În audiovizual, radioul, televiziunea, filmul (la care se adaugă diferite forme ale industriilor culturale, precum discul sau caseta). Toate acestea formează aşa-numitele media clasice. Noile mediasunt în directă legătură cu introducerea la scară aproape planetară a sateliţilor de telecomunicaţii şi a computerului. De unde, Internetul, o formulă hibridă de comunicare interpersonală (aproximativ asemănător telefonului, de pildă) şi comunicare de masă. Telefonul celular, PC-uri (personal computers), fibra optică, televiziune/radio direct prin satelit, televiziunea de înaltă definiţie, CD, DVD, teletext, on-line – iată o serie întreagă de termeni-realităţi tehnologice care compun noile media.
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